War Powers Act of 1973 Essay Example for Free

War Powers Act of 1973 Essay Who could forget that catastrophic day of September 11, 2001, when America, the most powerful nation in the world, trembled in the hands of so-called terrorists and their attacks? Nations were shocked, families wept, and a country was full of rage, waiting to retaliate. Following the attack, an operation called War on Terror was launched. â€Å"The War on Terror (also known as the War on Terrorism) is a campaign initiated by the United States government under President George W. Bush which includes various military, political, and legal actions ostensibly taken to curb the spread of terrorism, following the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. The War on Terror was authorized by the United States Congress under the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists passed on September 18, 2001http://www. answers. com/ war%20on%20terror. † The phrase was first broadly use by the press, particularly western ones, to refer to the attempts of the Russian, European, and subsequently, the U. S governments to stop attacks by anarchists against international political leaders. Before, many of the anarchists described themselves as terrorists and the term itself has some positive connotation to their cause. This was shown â€Å"When Russian Marxist Steven Park shot and wounded a Russian police commander who was known to torture suspects on 24 January 1878, for example, he threw down his weapon without killing him, announcing, ‘I am a terrorist, not a killer’http://www. answers. com/war %20on %20terror. † The next time the phrase will be used publicly was at the late 1940’s where it was used to describe the efforts by the British colonial government to finally stop the wave of Jewish attacks in the British Mandate of Palestine. The British used the term war on terrorism to give them the power to crackdown anyone suspected of the act or even just perceived cooperating with the terrorists. Thus, the events led more attacks from the Jews and also from the Arabs, which made the British government to fled Palestine. Currently, the United States is still on war against terrorism and they are being backed up by their allies. During the â€Å"Operation Enduring Freedom† in Afghanistan, a multinational combined task force was formed, called the CTF 150, which was composed of France, Germany, Italy, Pakistan, New Zealand, Spain, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom and the United States. â€Å"The first wave of attacks were carried out solely by American and British forces. Since the initial invasion period, these forces were augmented by troops and aircraft from Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand and Norway amongst others. In 2006, there were about 33,000 troops in Afghanistan http://www. answers. com/ war%20on%20terror. † From the beginning, there have been a lot of criticisms regarding this â€Å"war† and these days the protests have been more vocal and even the Americans are getting restless if whether when will it be over. Families of soldiers whether American or from other nations are worried and are getting worried as the days pass that their loved ones are still serving something for them as a lost cause. Yet, there are a lot of things to do and as long as the insurgency has not yet been resolved, the war will persist. But, there is another insurgency that has been around for centuries, which still needed to be taken care of, and needed to be waged, that is, the war on- poverty. Poverty dates back to who knows when and how, maybe from the time when man started to create monetary values, started owning properties, and became more individualistic. There has been a lot of programs and campaigns all over the world, one of these is the so-called, War on Poverty. The War on Poverty is the name for legislation first introduced by United States President Lyndon B. Johnson during his State of the Union address on January 8, 1964. This legislation was proposed by Johnson in response to the difficult economic conditions associated with a national poverty rate of around nineteen percent. The War on Poverty speech led the United States Congress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act, a law that established the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) to administrate the local application of federal funds targeted against poverty http://www. answers. com/topic/war-on-poverty. Every nation in the world has its own version of its war on poverty, for every nation has poverty as one of their major problems. Even highly developed countries like the U. S, the U. K and Japan have their own problems on poverty. A lot of causes can be attributed to poverty such as graft and corruption, geographical location, and of course war just to name the few. The causes are eminent but the effects are devastating, in an article of wikipedia. com on poverty they elaborate the effects of poverty as: The capacity of the state is further undermined by the problem that people living in poverty may be more vulnerable to extremist political persuasion, and may feel less loyalty to a state unable to deliver basic services. For these reasons conditions of poverty may increase the risk of political violence, terrorism, war and genocide, and may make those living in poverty vulnerable to human trafficking, internal displacement and exile as refugees. Countries suffering widespread poverty may experience loss of population, particularly in high-skilled professions, through emigration, which may further undermine their ability to improve their situation. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Poverty But these effects are more likely to be the causes too and vice-versa, thus making a cycle, a â€Å"poverty cycle†. Now, some questions have been raised and one of them was- what is more important, the war on terror or the war on poverty? Before answering that question, let bus first put the situation in the context. The context of this study is European specifically, the context of the United Kingdom. The background on the two topics was given earlier in order to establish the common ground and to assert where things stand right now. The United Kingdom has been allies with the United States since time immemorial, and both of the countries embark in this so called war on terror. In fact, after the 9/11 attacks, the UK was one of the first to condemn the horrible acts and was also considered US’ biggest ally in the Operation Enduring Freedom. But, after more than five years, the UK has been thinking about whether to continue its support on the said war on terror. The term war on terror was dropped by the UK government through Sir Ken McDonald, the country’s chief prosecutor on December 27, 2007. He elaborated that â€Å"terrorist fanatics were not soldiers fighting a war but simply members of an aimless ‘death cult’. We resist the language of warfare, and I think the government has moved on this. It no longer uses this sort of language http://www. democraticunderground. com /discuss/duboard. php? az=view_alladdress=1023116863. In an on-line article, on timesofindia. indiatimes. com, which was entitled Britain Finally Drops ‘War on Terror,’ the article explicitly said, â€Å"In the clearest indication yet of the UKs public disengagement from the US war on terror, British ministers have finally dropped the term and decided henceforth to refer to jihadis as mere criminals rather than a homogenous ideology-ridden group of desperadoes http://timesofindia. indiatimes. com/Britain_finally_drops_ war_on_terror/articleshow/2708606. cms. † The UK clearly is making some distance with the stand of the United States, but I think it should not be the case. While a lot of criticisms have shaken the very foundation of the said war because of reported human right’s abuses done by some US soldiers, the whole idea of war on terror should not be dropped. If there are changes to be made, then so be it but it’s not appropriate to drop the whole thing. This war has been waged for a long time now and it will all be a waste if it will end without seeing the final outcome. Think of all the lives that were taken on September 11, don’t they deserve justice? The people who unwillingly and unknowingly sacrificed their lives on that day will all be put into the waste basket if they don’t get the justice that these terrorists’ owe them. We can’t let just anyone to put fear in our homes; we can’t let them hurt our children, thus, we should continue the advocacy to bring about security and later peace in our nation. With regards to poverty, the war on poverty has been there for a very long time, and a lot of measures have been done to solve the problem. Poverty will not end that easy, we have to consider thousands of years of history to fully understand the root of the problem. But, we have an immediate problem to be solved, which is terrorism. Another thing with the idea of the war on poverty is that the whole scheme tends to make the citizens dependent on the state by having programs like the unemployment aid, which gives unemployed people some money to cope with their living. Rather than giving them money, he/she should be encouraged to find a job, but with the aid, he/she is encouraged otherwise. Still, the immediate concern that brings more threat to our very existence should be put first on the list. We cannot solve poverty if fear rules us due to the terrorists’ attacks, and we will not solve poverty if all of us will be dead because of the same reason. References: Rashmee Roshan Lall, January 17, 2008. Britain finally drops war on terror, viewed March 16, 2008, http://timesofindia.indiatimes. com/Britain_finally_drops_ war_on_terror/articleshow/2708606. cms Britain Drops War on Terror Label, military. com, viewed March 16, 2008, http://www. democraticunderground. com/discuss/duboard. php? az=view_alladdress=1023116863. War on Terror, viewed March 13, 2008, http://www. answers. com/ war%20on%20terror War on Poverty, viewed March 13, 2008, http://www. answers. com/topic/war-on-poverty. Poverty, viewed March 13, 2008, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Poverty

The Yellow Wallpaper -- Literacy Analysis

Are asylums meant to shelter the affected persons or to help society flee away from abnormalities that are inevitable in human life? What are the consequences of keeping a person kept captive behind these so called ‘shelters’? These questions are some of the many that are inquired in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Within the lines of the obscure plot in this short story, the author makes it clear that the unnamed protagonist was not, in fact, insane or suffering from a definitive disease or mental malfunction. However, this ‘mental disorder’ is only a way that the narrator actively rebels against society and how patriarchy has restricted her into becoming a heap of insecure thoughts. In the introduction of the story the unnamed narrator describes her ‘illness’ and the ‘conditions’ she faces, however through the analysis of her writing she begins to reveal the oppression that she is forced to submit to. Much of the protagonist’s oppression comes from her husband, as he does not believe she is sick at all. Because she is timid and is subdued by her spouse she believes, like the rest of society, that a male’s qualifications can automatically make him right. The narrator tends to question her husband’s view, but then covers it up with his credentials in her private journal entries, â€Å"You see he does not believe I am sick! And what can one do? If a physician of high standing, and one's own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression -- a slight hysterical tendency -- what is one to do?† (Gilman Wallpaper, 1) This is only the beginning of the oppression and the beginning of the narrator’s rebellion against a society controlled by men. The au... ...nd The Yellow Wallpaper. Works Cited Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. "Why I Wrote 'The Yellow Wallpaper.'." The Captive Imagination: A Casebook on "The Yellow Wallpaper,". Ed. Catherine Golden. New York: Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 1992. 51-53. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Janet Witalec. Vol. 62. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 10 Feb. 2012. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. [New York]: Feminist, 1973. Print. Knight, Denise D. "'I am getting angry enough to do something desperate': The Question of Female 'Madness.'." "The Yellow Wall-Paper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman: A Dual-Text Critical Edition. Ed. Shawn St. Jean. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2006. 73-87. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Vol. 201. Detroit: Gale, 2008. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 10 Feb. 2012. The Yellow Wallpaper -- Literacy Analysis Are asylums meant to shelter the affected persons or to help society flee away from abnormalities that are inevitable in human life? What are the consequences of keeping a person kept captive behind these so called ‘shelters’? These questions are some of the many that are inquired in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Within the lines of the obscure plot in this short story, the author makes it clear that the unnamed protagonist was not, in fact, insane or suffering from a definitive disease or mental malfunction. However, this ‘mental disorder’ is only a way that the narrator actively rebels against society and how patriarchy has restricted her into becoming a heap of insecure thoughts. In the introduction of the story the unnamed narrator describes her ‘illness’ and the ‘conditions’ she faces, however through the analysis of her writing she begins to reveal the oppression that she is forced to submit to. Much of the protagonist’s oppression comes from her husband, as he does not believe she is sick at all. Because she is timid and is subdued by her spouse she believes, like the rest of society, that a male’s qualifications can automatically make him right. The narrator tends to question her husband’s view, but then covers it up with his credentials in her private journal entries, â€Å"You see he does not believe I am sick! And what can one do? If a physician of high standing, and one's own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression -- a slight hysterical tendency -- what is one to do?† (Gilman Wallpaper, 1) This is only the beginning of the oppression and the beginning of the narrator’s rebellion against a society controlled by men. The au... ...nd The Yellow Wallpaper. Works Cited Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. "Why I Wrote 'The Yellow Wallpaper.'." The Captive Imagination: A Casebook on "The Yellow Wallpaper,". Ed. Catherine Golden. New York: Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 1992. 51-53. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Janet Witalec. Vol. 62. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 10 Feb. 2012. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. [New York]: Feminist, 1973. Print. Knight, Denise D. "'I am getting angry enough to do something desperate': The Question of Female 'Madness.'." "The Yellow Wall-Paper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman: A Dual-Text Critical Edition. Ed. Shawn St. Jean. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2006. 73-87. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Vol. 201. Detroit: Gale, 2008. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 10 Feb. 2012.

Read the case study “I Thought I Gave Them Everything, Essay

Read the case study, â€Å"I Thought I Gave Them Everything,† on page 423 in the textbook. This case study involves interpersonal and intrapersonal communication competencies. Examine and evaluate this communication situation by providing detailed responses to the three discussion questions found at the end of the case study. Examine and evaluate this communication situation. †¢Provide detailed responses to the three discussion questions found at the end of the case study. †¢Directly reference the theories of motivation you have learned about in this unit, and the 10 work-related evaluation items listed on page 176 of the text to help explain your thoughts, reasoning, and insights. The case study of â€Å"I Thought I Gave Them Everything† discusses Henry Gonzales a manager of Quality Foods. Henry is known for his hard work and dedication to the organization; he keeps himself busy and has the most successful store within the organization. Henry is upset as â€Å"he recently found out two of his leading supervisors had requested transfers to other Quality stores.† (Shockley, 2012) Henry’s emotional response is caught up in expectations and assumptions of why his employees may be leaving. He doesn’t really know, nor does he have any facts to support his emotional response, therefore he has taken it personal. I would advise Henry to assume nothing, and seek the facts before making any judgments concerning the situation or his supervisors that wish to transfer to other stores. I would also remind Henry that given enough time, everyone leaves. It is notable that Henry is subject to Gerald Salancik and Jeffery Pfeffer’s Social Information Processing Theory; â€Å"A person’s needs and attitudes are determined by the information available at any given time.† (Shockley, 2012) Henry’s motivation for communication with his two supervisors surrounds his internal need for safety as it correlates to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. As witnessed by Henry’s internal probing questions his mind is looking for safety as he has taken their actions as his own failures. I would advise Henry to think about what he wishes to achieve before approaching his supervisors. This is an opportunity for understanding and growth within his store, therefore it is best to come from a place of curiosity. It would also be good if Henry understood his communication competencies that run parallel with his assumptions that his store is the best, his supervisors required hand-holding and they need more of his time. All of these assumptions build from his perception that these individuals don’t see what they are doing, and Henry is in a place superiority. It’s generally best policy to let people manage their own lives and make their own decisions. While communication can bridge the gap in assessing others needs and desires to seek employment elsewhere, making these types of assumptions, Henry is placing his supervisors overall competencies low, and this places him at a direct disadvantage when he approaches them for communication. In addition to educating Henry about his assumptions, expectations, motivations and competencies it would be good for Henry to have a basic understanding of general employee motivations as they relate to needs. If Henry is approaching this from a learning perspective it may be a good idea to perform an exit interview with these employees and have them rank there satisfaction using the 10 work-related evaluation items. This would give Henry a clear indication of how he might better meet his employee’s needs in the future, and may even allow for retention of these existing employees. In communication, you must remember that you don’t get what you don’t ask for, if Henry’s desire is to retain these two supervisors, he might want to consider asking them directly what he may be able to do to retain their services. It is noted that Henry does have a pay incentive plan already in place, so salary may not be what is needed for retention. The study also mentions that Henry’s is a busy manager and may have lost touch with these employees. If this is the case, he should be sensitive in his initial approach, and seek to understand if these employees have a sense of belonging. Overall I would suggest that Henry not make this about him, or a direct reflection of him. References Shockley-Zalabak, P.S. (2012). Fundamentals of Organizational Communication: Knowledges, Sensitivity, Skills, Values. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Central Asia History

Wealth Inequality in the US with Sociological Viewpoints...

What is wealth inequality? â€Å"It is the difference between individuals or populations in the distribution of assets, wealth or income.† [1] In sociology, the term is social stratification and refers to â€Å"a system of structured social inequality† [2] where the inequality might be in power, resources, social standing/class or perceived worth. In the US, where a class system exist, (as opposed to caste or estate system) your place in the class system can be determined by your personal achievements. However, the economic and social class that an individual is born into is a big indicator of the class they will end up in as an adult. [3] What are the effects of this wealth inequality in the US and what causes it as well as some possible solutions†¦show more content†¦Conflict theorist have an opposing view, that the inequality seen in society is a result of domination and coercion where those with power, wealth and prestige exploit those without to maintain t heir standings. They believe that that every person and class are fighting over a limited number of resources and each is competing for an advantage. Wealth inequality is unfair because the elites, those in control of â€Å"societal resources† use those resources to perpetuate their own standing by shaping the belief system of society, controlling the distribution of resources, and blocking the mobility and opportunities of the poor. Because the wealth inequality is inherently unfair, conflict theorist argue that the disadvantaged in society should be given support by redirecting the â€Å"societal resources† to those in need. [9] The sociological views of functionalist and conflict theorist on stratification and economic inequality have had profound impact on the current economic discussion. In the past, economist have argued that wealth inequality is essential for â€Å"economic strength and social stability. [5] That wealth inequality â€Å"is needed to reward hard work, talent and innovation†. [6] However, in recent years, many economist have come to the conclusion that extreme wealth inequality, can lead to economic stagnation and social instability. What degree ofShow MoreRelatedSocial Problems : Community, Policy, And Social Actions852 Words   |  4 Pagesis established compared to other viewpoints of problems. In the text book, Social Problems: Community, Policy, and Social actions, there is an exert by wright Mills on the sociological imagination. Basically a personnel problem is â€Å"character of the individual and within the range of his immediate relationships with others† and a public issues is â€Å"character of the individual and within the range of his immediate relationships with others† (p.5). The sociological imagination is a way that we can seeRead MoreSociological Knowledge in Nursing Essays1301 Words   |  6 Pagespossible health and functioning (Kozier, et al., 2010 pp. 8-9). Sociological knowledge plays a dynamic and elementary role within nursing profession. 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The Theory Of Divine Right - 1330 Words

Throughout history, new ideas have always been formed from questions and different questions create new ideas. These five documents- â€Å"The Theory of Divine Right,† â€Å"Revocation of the Edict of Nantes,† The Social Contract, What is Enlightenment?, and The Declaration of Independence- each discuss a different idea and are substantial in the demonstration of this idea. These ideas have many differences and similarities. They may be significant in different revolutions, but they all pertain to different views on topics that, while they could be linked together, are fundamentally unalike the others. Each of these documents is important to history in more than one way. While they may seem to be significant in only the simplest way, each of them have a deeper importance that can be seen when they are studied in depth. In â€Å"The Theory of Divine Right,† Jacques-BÃ' nigue Bossuet claims that kings are anointed by God and are sacred. 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Divine Command Theory is a philosophical paradigm, or worldview, which essentially states that an action is good if and only if it has been commanded by a divine entity, which, to quote St. Thomas Aquinas, â€Å"all men know as God.† The problem arises in what happens when there exist multiple deities, such as is the case with the Greek and Roman pantheons

Cross Cultural Management Obtaining Business Creativity

Question: Describe about the Cross Cultural Management for Obtaining Business Creativity. Answer: Introduction Managers both in the international and domestic arenas should master on how to use different cultural teams effectively as they way of obtaining creativity, innovation and experience from them. Studies have shown that cultural differences can hamper the success in the completion of the company projects(Block, 2003, p. 83). In todays international business, managers have put a lot emphasis in managing the multicultural differences among the company employees. This is because aspects such as motivation, employee attitudes and relations at the workplace have proved to be very impactful in the performance of the people(Kawar, 2012, p. 106). This paper seeks to discuss the aspect of multicultural differences management about Vietnam and Turkey. The paper explores the key cultural management aspects such as Hofstede negotiation, globe leadership, trading systems and value systems. The paper investigates which country is high among the mentioned multicultural management aspects. Hofstede Negotiations The findings indicate that several cultural differences affect how people interact and negotiate in the different regions of the world. For the managers to make it in the global business environment they should be fully aware that there is not a single approach of dealing with negotiations. Managers should carry out negotiations by putting into considerations the aspects that can affect the whole process of negotiation(Hofstede, 2000, p. 29). To improve these they should study and understand the cultural diversity among the company employees. For example, in Turkey, English is the most common language used by business people. Turkish people value shaking hands firmly during introduction and business meetings. The Turkish people value relationships more than work. Therefore, it is upon the negotiators to create healthy relationship with the Turkish business people for the success of the negotiations. On the other side, in Vietnam negotiation, negotiators insist on the development of n oble working relations with the negotiating counterparts. Vietnamese put a lot of emphasis on the significance of maintaining trustworthy relations their associates, than economic relations. The findings indicate that negotiations and relationships in Vietnam are based on mutual trust. From the analysis of the two countries, Vietnam seems to have a favorable culture of negotiation that can provide conducive environment for the investors. Globe Leadership Global leadership is one of the major issue facing the global managers today. The findings have shown that the leadership styles of adopted by the managers greatly affect the global leadership(Bersin, 2012). Establishing a global leadership is a challenging task that requires the managers to assess the current environment by learning from the current managers in the global business. In the aspect of global leadership, Vietnam seems to score higher than Turkey. For example, the distance power concept of culture holds that the people of Vietnam conform to hierarchical order portrayed by the organizational leadership. This means that the employees expect to receive the order from the management and execute them as instructed. The hierarchy in Vietnam organizations is centralized, and thus employees seem to accept this type of leadership to the level of seventy percent(Itim International, 2007). On the other side, Turkey scores sixty-six percent. Therefore, globe leadership seems to be e asy for any company anticipating to invest or penetrate the market of Vietnam. Trading Relationship Global trade entails various transactions between the sellers and the buyers. For effective penetration in the global industries, managers have to carry out the analysis of the targeted investment region(Baldwin Kay, 2005, p. 122). This helps in determining the success of the company in the new environment. The diverse cultures are one of the aspects that the leaders should consider when evaluating the trading relationship portrayed by the buyers and the sellers in the difference countries. In a comparison of Turkey and Vietnam, Turkey seems to have an upper hand regarding trading relationship with other countries. Turkey has solid trading solid trading relations with the European Union. This means that the country gets to enjoy trading with all the partners in the European Union. Since 1995 when the custom was established Turkey has been experiencing successful trading relations with the European Union members(European Commission, 2016). The statistics show that Turkey has had effi cient trading with its partners. Besides, European Union Turkey is trading with other nations in the Middle East as well with countries such as Syria and Russia. On the other side, Vietnam is trying to boost its trading relation with the key partners in the globe. The consequences of Vietnam War seemed to have greatly affected the trading relations of Vietnam. For example, Vietnam experienced weak relations with the United States until twenty years back when the two countries went into trade agreement. However, despite Vietnam establishing trading agreements with the United States, its trading relationship is shaky and not well established with other trading partners. Therefore, this paper recommends that Turkey has got a higher hand in the trading relationships compared to Vietnam. Value system The most successful companies both in the domestic and international environments have their processes characterized by the aspects of value system. The value system is very crucial in determining the success of the businesses in the given industry(Paarlberg, 2007, p. 393). The value system holds that company activities should be organized in a linear mode to improve the value of the final product. Businesses operating in the value system environment enjoy a higher competitive advantage(Liedtka, 2001, p. 549). To make it effective, the organizations build up the value chain systems against that of their competitors. This ensures that the company will penetrate the market using a different strategy to increase its competitive strategy. The Turkey value system is founded in the feminine. The dominant country values are based on appreciating the quality of life and showing care for the others. This aspect starts in school and is incorporated in the society throughout once live. Under the feminine value system, Turkey scores forty-five percent. The elements of culture that dominate Turkey value system are sympathy for the weak, consensus and equating oneself with others. The conflicts both in the workplace setting and private are solved through consensus. Additionally, leisure is crucial among the turkey citizens as it provides an opportunity to bring family members and friends together. Therefore, managers operating in the Turkish environment should put these aspects into consideration. On the other side, Vietnam scores forty percent on the aspect of the feminine. Therefore, it is evident that Turkey scores higher than Vietnam in the aspect of value system. Conclusions Cross-cultural management is very crucial for the competitive advantage of the companies. Different cultures portrayed by the employees may have negative impacts on the performance of the organization. To obtain the efforts and creativity of all the company employees, the manager should understand all the cultures in his or her organization. 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