Jeremy Rifkins The End of Work :: Jeremy Rifkin The End of Work

Jeremy Rifkins The End of WorkIndividuals tend to develop a false sense of security concerning thecertainty of their jobs. After working for an brass section for fifteen or moreyears, it is difficult for them to understand that their employers may no longerneed their service. Jeremy Rifkin wrote The End of Work in order to warn heapabout what he foresees may be happening to the global labour force be defecate of arapid increase in the use of automation in the workplace. He identifies what hebelieves are causes of the problems which we are currently facing within theorganizational structure along with some potential solutions. Rifkins ideasmay be germane(predicate) to most peoples lives including ours. The reactions of sixcurrently employed persons to Rifkins message lead be included in this text.These professionals include a technical manager, a convenience investment trust owner, acashier for Marriot food services, a Residence-Life Staff Coordinator, a Part-Time Credit Card Ser vice Assistant and an Assembler for an Electrical Switch-Gear Manufacturing Company.Rifkin observes that the briny problem of mass global employment in boththe private and public sectors is caused by the continuing advances intechnology and its impacts on organizations, its structure and goal and itsdirect effect on the global labour force. In particular, organizations areusing the concept of re-engineering and replacing human labour with laboursaving technologies. Rifkin gives us a better understanding of the developmentof the cause of this problem by examining the three industrial revolutions. Inthe first industrial revolution, Rifkin identifies steam power as the major toolused by industrial and manufacturing sectors. In the second industrialrevolutions the electrical innovation effected the manufacturing, agriculturaland transport industries by besides reducing the global labour force.Unlike the past, two industrial revolutions where industrialtechnologies replace the physical power of human labour, the third revolution(The Information Age), at present, is contributing new computer based technologywhich are involving into thinking machines. These thinking machines will evolveto the extent that eventual the human mind will be replaced in all economicactivities. In particular, advancements in computer technology includingparallel processing and artificial intelligence (robots) are going to cause alarge number of white collar workers to be redundant in the near future.Furthermore as a result of advancement in the information and telecommunicationstechnologies, organizations are using the concept of re-engineering torestructure their organizations to make them more computer friendly. As adirect result of this, training employees in multi-level skills, trim down andsimplifying production and distribution processes and streamliningadministration. One example of this is the global auto industry which is

Comparing The Perfect Family, The Sanctuary of School, Dog Lab, and Education :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Comparing The Perfect Family, by Alice Hoffman, The Sanctuary of prepare, by Lynda Barry, Dog Lab, by Claire McCarthy, and Education by Jake Werner What we learn at home, at school, from our peers, and from entertainment can have great effects throughout our whole entire lives. There is no such occasion as a perfect family, human being, or society, yet we are able to live our lives with the enjoyment of peace and harmony. What we see on television may simulate a perfect family, but, of course, not everything we wish to see is true. Not everyone can have the lives that everyone wants. In reading the essays The Perfect Family by Alice Hoffman, The Sanctuary of School by Lynda Barry, Dog Lab by Claire McCarthy, and Education by Jake Werner a realization occurred. These authors came down with comparable results. Two authors have similar styles of writing plot of land the another(prenominal)s had a contrasting style. The Perfect Family by Alice Hoffman was about how s he was faced with the adversity of being raised in a single parent family. She never gave up on believing her mom and herself, which is the reason who she is today. Alice Hoffman had a straight-forward strategy in writing her essay. In her style of writing, she included many details in describing her puerility history. It was from the introductory paragraph where I figured that this story was going to be descriptive in the sense of trying to constrain us by sympathizing with her and other families. In addition, she gave images such as Roses grew by the front door...We had glass bottles filled with lightning bugs and brand-new swing sets in the backyard, and softball games at dusk.(pg --) Using this causa of technique in writing her essay gave a clearer understanding of what she is trying to do. She was setting the table. Also, she gave a brief history of how marriages are supposed to be, how divorces are uncommon during that time, and the type of jobs a wife should be committed to . This technique was useful in her essay because if she did not include that history, maybe the reader would not understand the orchestrate of writing this essay, or may be confused on what is going on. A historical background can help greatly in percentage the reader understand what is going on and can answer some questions to why this essay is being written.

Lockean Philosophy in Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels Essay

An Exploration of Lockean Philosophy in Gullivers Travels Ricardo Quintana asserts in his study dickens Augustans that even though Swift as a conventional philosophical realist dismissed Lockian empiricism with impatience, he recognized in Lockian political theory an enforcement of his own convictions (76). It may be argued, however, than when two contemporary authors, such as Locke and Swift, are shaped within the same matrix of cultural forces and events, they reveal through their respective works a similar ideology. The purpose of this paper is doubled first, to explore the parallels between Lockes Some Thoughts Concerning Education and Swifts Gullivers Travels, using textual evidence and literary criticism and second, to compare the methods prescribed by Locke and Swift for education, taking into card some cultural views in the eighteenth-century. The first half of the eighteenth-century, sometimes referred to as the Age of Reason, marked a virgin era in parent-child relat ions, based upon a confluence of political and religious currents that radically altered the accepted social attitudes towards children (Braverman 37). The revision of the late seventeenth-century political and cultural perspective gave rise to a new philosophy that regarded children as more-or-less inherently good and virtuous. This milder view differed from earlier beliefs that portrayed children as fallen creatures, who embodied original sin derived from Adam and Eves Fall. Commenting on Lockes Thoughts, Lawrence match observes the following in his extensive study The Family, Sex, and Marriage in England, 1500-1800 Lockes book coincided with the overthrow of Divine Right Monarchy, the rejection of the doctrine of P... ...versity of California Press, 1968. Ezell, Margaret J. M. John Lockes Images of Childhood primaeval Eighteenth Century Response to Some Thoughts Concerning Education. Eighteenth-Century Studies. Winter. 1983 139-55. Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government, Th e Works of John Locke. Vol. 5. London Thomas Teggs et al., 1823. Locke, John. Some Thoughts Concerning Education, The Works of John Locke. Vol. 9. London Thomas Teggs et al., 1823. Quintana, Ricardo. Two Augustans John Locke and Jonathan Swift. Madison University of Wisconsin Press, 1978. Setten, Henk van. Some Thoughts Concerning Education by John Locke, 1693.The History of Education Site. 1-2 pp. Online. Internet. 23 Sept. 1999. Available http//www.socsci.kun.nl/ped/whphistedu/locke/locke_intro.html Swift, Jonathan. Gullivers Travels. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1998.

Essay on Romanticism in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein :: Frankenstein essays

Essay on Romanticism in Frankenstein All literature is influenced by the time pointedness in which it was writtenwhether it be war, poverty, or some(prenominal) other social trends. the great unwashed tend to writecommentaries of political events, or just describe the time period. Whether itis intentional or subconscious, an author cannot tending to include some aspectsof the time period in which they atomic number 18 in. The Romantic Period had a tremendousinfluence on Marry Shellys writing of the novel, Frankenstein. The Industrial diversity in England during the late 1700s was a timeof great change. The populace was moving into cities, and masses weredisillusioned by the destruction of nature and the living conditions in thecities. In response to this disillusionment, people started to see theworld differently than they had forward. They saw nature as all beautiful, compelling, and perfect. Previously, the inspiration for literature was law, order,and religion now, it is in the writers imagination and powerful emotions. Thischange in the side of the people is called Romanticism. The RomanticMovement is one of the most important literary periods in history affecting theliterature, music, and art of the period. It promote spontaneity, and actingwith emotions, not harsh sense. In the more classical style of writing, writersaddressed their books to the upper class, but now writers addressed the commonman and his problems. Their was a new feeling of spirituality. quite a little wereseeking eastern concepts of nirvana, transcendentalism and being one with nature.People wanted to experience life, not study it. They seeked extreme emotions,whether they were in effect(p) or bad. Marry Shelly utilize all of these philosophies ofthe Romantic Period in writing, Frankenstien. Victor Fankenstien is a man with great ambition, he is obsessed andself-centered. His life is the reverberate of a Greed Tragedy. In his case, the flawis his excessive pride. This fl aw causes Victor to rush into something, forwhich he is not prepared. He fulfills his ambition and makes the biggest mistakeof his life by creating a monster. Finally, just before Victors death, he hashis catharsis. He tells Robert his story and cleanses himself. seek happinessin tranquillity, avoid ambition (pg. 205) This paradox, that he created acreature to help society, but it turns out to be the undoing of society andhimself is an example of Victors self-centeredness. His life degenerates fromhere on. Victor is a product of the Industrial Revolution. In reaction to peoplewith Victors characteristics, the Romantic Period is born. His beliefs are inscience and the known world, which is the opposite of the Romantic ideal.Essay on Romanticism in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Frankenstein essays Essay on Romanticism in Frankenstein All literature is influenced by the time period in which it was writtenwhether it be war, poverty, or any other social trends. People tend to writecommen taries of political events, or just describe the time period. Whether itis intentional or subconscious, an author cannot help to include some aspectsof the time period in which they are in. The Romantic Period had a tremendousinfluence on Marry Shellys writing of the novel, Frankenstein. The Industrial Revolution in England during the late 1700s was a timeof great change. The populace was moving into cities, and people weredisillusioned by the destruction of nature and the living conditions in thecities. In response to this disillusionment, people started to envision theworld differently than they had before. They saw nature as all beautiful,powerful, and perfect. Previously, the inspiration for literature was law, order,and religion now, it is in the writers imagination and powerful emotions. Thischange in the attitude of the people is called Romanticism. The RomanticMovement is one of the most important literary periods in history affecting theliterature, music, and art of the per iod. It encouraged spontaneity, and actingwith emotions, not common sense. In the more classical style of writing, writersaddressed their books to the upper class, but now writers addressed the commonman and his problems. Their was a new feeling of spirituality. People wereseeking eastern concepts of nirvana, transcendentalism and being one with nature.People wanted to experience life, not study it. They seeked extreme emotions,whether they were good or bad. Marry Shelly used all of these philosophies ofthe Romantic Period in writing, Frankenstien. Victor Fankenstien is a man with great ambition, he is obsessed andself-centered. His life is the mirror of a Greed Tragedy. In his case, the flawis his excessive pride. This flaw causes Victor to rush into something, forwhich he is not prepared. He fulfills his ambition and makes the biggest mistakeof his life by creating a monster. Finally, just before Victors death, he hashis catharsis. He tells Robert his story and cleanses himself. s eek happinessin tranquillity, avoid ambition (pg. 205) This paradox, that he created acreature to help society, but it turns out to be the undoing of society andhimself is an example of Victors self-centeredness. His life degenerates fromhere on. Victor is a product of the Industrial Revolution. In reaction to peoplewith Victors characteristics, the Romantic Period is born. His beliefs are inscience and the known world, which is the opposite of the Romantic ideal.

Required classes for college students Essay -- essays research papers

"Open Your Eyes" Open your eyes, clean out your ears, sit pour down and listen, straighten your back, keep your head forward and be ready to yield an open mind? Having an open mind is a good quality to have while experiencing different situations that you may encounter. community have many different opinions and ideas which they are expressing in todays society. College is another step along the journey of life that a select few will experience. College should be first priority on everybodys agenda in order to be successful in this struggling world. People need education outside of their own studies to broaden their horizons. People are some judgment of convictions stuck in their own "little world" and do not read the important factors of life. Hopefully, college students will realize the importance of the classes which they are taking in college courses, and that the classes have meaning. Students may not understand the meaning of these required classes at the t ime which they are required, but someday t hey may understand. College students may think basic required classes is just busy work, wasted time, and a waste of their money. on that point is another intention to why these classes are required. Imagine that you are the Vice President of a well known company while sitting at that place in a meeting with the President of the same company and all of your coworkers. Somebody says to you Mr. VP, what do you think about the Checks and Balances of our American Government? What is Mr. VP ...

Required classes for college students Essay -- essays research papers

"Open Your Eyes" Open your eyes, clean out your ears, sit down and listen, straighten your back, keep your head forward and be ready to cook an open mind? Having an open mind is a good quality to have while experiencing varied situations that you may encounter. People have many different opinions and ideas which they atomic number 18 expressing in todays society. College is another step along the journey of life that a select few will experience. College should be first priority on everybodys agenda in order to be successful in this struggling world. People need education outside of their own studies to broaden their horizons. People are sometimes stuck in their own "little world" and do not realize the important factors of life. Hopefully, college students will realize the importance of the classes which they are taking in college courses, and that the classes have meaning. Students may not understand the meaning of these required classes at the time which they a re required, but someday t hey may understand. College students may mobilize basic required classes is just busy work, wasted time, and a waste of their money. There is another intention to why these classes are required. Imagine that you are the criminality President of a well known company while sitting there in a meeting with the President of the same company and exclusively of your coworkers. Somebody says to you Mr. VP, what do you think about the Checks and Balances of our American Government? What is Mr. VP ...

Life and career Essay

Singers p arnts were Viennese Jews who escaped the German annexation of Austria and fled to Australia in 1938. His grandparents were slight fortunate they were interpreted by the Nazis to Lodz, and were never heard of again. 1 Singers father imported tea and coffee, while his mother practised medicine. He attended Scotch College. by and by leaving school, Singer studied law, history and philosophy at the University of Melbourne, gaining his degree in 1967. He received an MA for a thesis entitled why should I be moral? n 1969.He was awarded a scholarship to study at the University of Oxford, obtaining a B. Phil in 1971 with a thesis on well-bred disobedience, supervised by R. M. Hare, and subsequently published as a book in 1973. 2 After spending two years as a Radcliffe subscriber at University College, Oxford, he was visit professor at New York University for 16 months. He returned to Melbourne in 1977, where he has spent most of his career, apart from many visiting positions in ternationally, and until his move to Princeton in 1999.Animal LiberationPublished in 1975, Animal Liberation3 was a major formative influence on the animal liberation movement. Although Singer rejects dutys as a moral ideal independent from his utilitarianism based on interests, he accepts rights as derived from utilitarian principles, particularly the principle of minimizing ugly. 4 Singer allows that animal rights are not on the dot the same as world rights, writing in Animal Liberation that there are obviously important differences between world and other animals, and these differences mustiness give rise to roughly differences in the rights that each have. 5So, for example an animal does not have the right to a good education as this is vacuous to him, just as a male human does not have the right to an abortion. But he is no more skeptical of animal rights than of the rights of women, root system his book by defending just such a comparison against Mary Wollstonecrafts 18th-century critic Thomas Taylor, who argued that if Wollstonecrafts reasoning in defense team of womens rights were correct, then brutes would have rights too.Taylor thought he had produced a reductio ad absurdum of Wollstonecrafts view Singer regards it as a sound arranged implication. Taylors modus tollens is Singers modus ponens. In Animal Liberation, Singer argues against what he calls speciesism discrimination on the grounds that a creation belongs to a certain species. He holds the interests of all beings capable of suffering to be worthy of lucifer consideration, and that giving slighter consideration to beings based on their having wings or fur is no more justified than discrimination based on skin color.In particular, he argues that while animals show lower intelligence than the average human, many staidly retarded human being show equally diminished mental electrical condenser, and intelligence therefore does not provide a basis for providing nonhuman animals an y less consideration than such retarded humans. Singer does not specifically contend that we ought not use animals for food insofar as they are raised and killed in a way that actively avoids the inflicting of pain, but as such farms are few and far between, he concludes that the most practical solution is to adopt a vegetarian or vegan diet.Singer likewise condemns most vivisection, though he believes animal experimentations may be acceptable if the benefit (in terms of improved medical treatment, and so on ) outweighs the harm done to the animals used. 6 Due to the subjectivity of the term benefit, controversy exists about this and other utilitarian views. But he is clear enough that humans of comparable sentience should also be candidates for any animal experimentation that passes the benefit test.So a monkey and a human infant would be equally available for the experiment, from a moral drumhead of view, other things being equal. If performing the experiment on the infant isn t justifiable, then Singer believes that the experiment shouldnt happen at all instead, the researchers should pursue their goals using computer simulations or other methods. Applied ethics His most comprehensive work, Practical ethical motive,7 analyzes in detail why and how beings interests should be weighed.His principle of equality encompasses all beings with interests, and it requires equal consideration of those interests, whatever the species. The principle of equal consideration of interests does not dictate equal treatment of all those with interests, since different interests warrant different treatment. All have an interest in avoiding pain, for instance, but relatively few have an interest in cultivating their abilities.Not only does his principle justify different treatment for different interests, but it allows different treatment for the same interest when diminishing marginal utility is a factor, favoring, for instance, a starving persons interest in food over the same interest of someone who is only slightly hungry. Among the more important human interests are those in avoiding pain, in developing ones abilities, in satisfying basic needs for food and shelter, in enjoying fond personal relationships, in being free to pursue ones projects without interference, and many others.The fundamental interest that entitles a being to equal consideration is the capacity for suffering and/or enjoyment or happiness mice as well as human beings have this interest, but stones and trees do not. He holds that a beings interests should always be weighed according to that beings concrete properties, and not according to its belonging to some abstract group such as a species, or a set of mathematical beings, or an early stage of something with an as yet unactualized potential.He favors a journey model of life, which measures the inappropriateness of taking a life by the degree to which doing so frustrates a life journeys goals. So taking a life is less wrong at the beginning, when no goals have been set, and at the end, when the goals have either been met or are unlikely to be accomplished. The journey model is tolerant of some frustrated desire, explains why persons who have embarked on their journeys are not replaceable, and accounts for why it is wrong to bring a miserable life into existence.Although sentience puts a being within the sphere of equal consideration of interests, only a personal interest in continuing to live brings the journey model into play. This model also explains the priority that Singer attaches to interests over trivial desires and pleasures. For instance, one has an interest in food, but not in the pleasures of the palate that might distinguish ingest steak from eating tofu, because nutrition is instrumental to many goals in ones life journey, whereas the desire for meat is not and is therefore trumped by the interest of animals in avoiding the miseries of milling machinery farming.In order to avoid bias to wards human interests, he requires the idea of an impartial standpoint from which to compare interests. This is an elaboration of the familiar idea of putting oneself in the others shoes, adjusted for beings with paws or flippers. He has wavered about whether the precise aim is the total amount of slaked interests, or instead the most satisfied interests among those beings who already exist prior to the decision one is making.Both have liabilities. The total view, for instance, seems to lead to Derek Parfits Repugnant Conclusion8 that is, it seems to imply that its morally demote to have an enormous world with lives barely worth living rather than a smaller population with much happier lives. The prior-existence view, on the other hand, seems questionably abstracted to the harm or benefit one can do to those who are brought into existence by ones decisions.The second edition of Practical Ethics disavows the first editions suggestion that the total and prior-existence views shoul d be combined in such a way that the total view applies to sentient beings who are not self-conscious and the prior-existence view applies to those who are. This would mean that rats and human infants are replaceable their easy death is permissible as long as they are replaced whereas human adults and other persons in Singers expanded sense, including great apes, are not replaceable.The second edition dispenses with the requirement of replacement and the consequent high population numbers for sentient beings. It asserts that preference-satisfaction utilitarianism, incorporating the journey model, applies without invoking the first editions suggestion about the total view. But the details are fuzzy and Singer admits that he is not entirely satisfied with his treatment of choices that involve bringing beings into existence. Ethical conduct is justifiable by reasons that go beyond prudence to something bigger than the individual, addressing a big audience.Singer thinks this going-b eyond identifies moral reasons as somehow universal, specifically in the injunction to love thy neighbor as thyself, interpreted by him as demanding that one give the same weight to the interests of others as one gives to ones own interests. This universalizing stride, which Singer traces from Kant to Hare, is crucial and sets him apart from moral theorists from Hobbes to David Gauthier, who regard that step as flatly ir apt.Universalization leads directly to utilitarianism, Singer argues, on the strength of the thought that my own interests cannot count for more than the interests of others. Taking these into account, one must weigh them up and adopt the course of action that is most likely to maximize the interests of those affected utilitarianism has been arrived at. Singers universalizing step applies to interests without reference to who has them, whereas a Kantians applies to the judgments of rational agents (in Kants kingdom of ends, or Rawlss Original Position, etc. ).Singe r regards Kantian universalization as unjust to animals. Its their capacity for suffering/happiness that matters morally, not their deficiency with respect to rational judgment. As for the Hobbesians, Singer attempts a response in the final chapter of Practical Ethics, arguing that self-interested reasons support adoption of the moral point of view, such as the paradox of hedonism, which counsels that happiness is best found by not looking for it, and the need most people feel to relate to something larger than their own concerns. Abortion, euthanasia and infanticideConsistent with his general ethical theory, Singer holds that the right to physical integrity is grounded in a beings ability to suffer, and the right to life is grounded in, among other things, the ability to plan and anticipate ones future. Since the unborn, infants and severely disabled people lack the latter (but not the former) ability, he states that abortion, painless infanticide and euthanasia can be justified in certain special circumstances, for instance in the case of severely disabled infants whose life would cause suffering both to themselves and to their parents.In his view the central argument against abortion is It is wrong to kill an desolate human being a human fetus is an innocent human being therefore it is wrong to kill a human fetus. He challenges the second put in, on the grounds that its reference to human beings is ambiguous as between human beings in the zoological sense and persons as rational and self-conscious. There is no sanctity of human life that confers moral protection on human beings in the zoological sense.Until the capacity for pain develops after 18 weeks of gestation, abortion terminates an existence that has no intrinsic cheer (as opposed to the value it might have in virtue of being valued by the parents or others). As it develops the features of a person, it has moral protections that are comparable to those that should be extend to nonhuman life as we ll. He also rejects a backup argument against abortion that appeals to potential It is wrong to kill a potential human being a human fetus is a potential human being therefore it is wrong to kill a human fetus.The second premise is more plausible, but its first premise is less plausible, and Singer denies that what is potentially an X should have the same value or moral rights as what is already an X. Against those who stress the continuity of our existence from conception to adulthood, he poses the example of an embryo in a dish on a laboratory bench, which he calls Mary. immediately if it divides into two identical embryos, there is no way to answer the question whether Mary dies, or continues to exist, or is replaced by Jane and Susan.These are absurd questions, he thinks, and their absurdness casts doubt on the view that the embryo is a human being in the morally significant sense. Singer classifies euthanasia as voluntary, involuntary, or non-voluntary. (For possible similar historical definitions of euthanasia see Karl Binding, Alfred Hoche and Werner Catel. ) Given his consequentialist approach, the difference between active and passive euthanasia is not morally significant, for the required act/ thoughtlessness doctrine is untenable cleaning and letting die are on a moral par when their consequences are the same.Voluntary euthanasia, undertaken with the consent of the subject, is supported by the autonomy of persons and their freedom to waive their rights, especially against a legal background such as the guidelines developed by the courts in the Netherlands. Non-voluntary euthanasia at the beginning or end of lifes journey, when the capacity to reason about what is at stake is undeveloped or lost, is justified when swift and painless killing is the only alternative to suffering for the subject.

Animal Farm

sensual Farm Essay Without Squealer the pigs would never have been in such a effectful position. To what achievement do you agree? George Orwells Animal Farm is a complex novel, which explores in depth the motions of leaders and the leaded, and how the hu piece condition affects our own moral thinking. On Animal Farm the pigs are stated as the higher, wiser animals on Animal Farm and the major decisions on the promote were made by them and then justified by squealer the persuasive political leader-like pig. Natural authority creates the position the pigs are in, which is against the original ideas of Old Major and his political orientation of All animals are equal.But is the position the pigs are in maintained by Squealers persuasive ways? I believe that the pigs are before created higher than the other pigs as their knowledge is greater than any other animal, which results in natural leadership over Animal Farm. Squealer Who could turn dingy into white is Napoleons greate st asset in his plot to control animal farm. He convinces every animal on the farm that Napoleons actions are always right. As the rules change on Animal Farm Squealer is sent to the other animals to justify the changes or reminds them that those rules were always there.Squealer is thought of as a politician trying to convince another party that there parties ideals are right although on Animal Farm the other animals arent smart enough to moot the witty arguments Squealer presents. Limiting the terms of debate and creating a right or wrong argument creates greater control over the animals and less rebuttal. Squealers obscure language makes the Animals uneasy and they agree in doubt. Squealers name also suits him as to squeal depicts his vocal manor in his job for Napoleon. Orwell starts the book of as a dream for a better future for the animals on the farm where all animals are equal.Animal FarmThose in berth ordain inevitably suffer corrupt. To what extent do you agree? George Rowels novel, Animal Farm shows the overlaying theme of the putrescence of power. Power, more often than not, causes the bearer to become corrupt, which causes them to lose most sense, besides that, which will get them more power. In the beginning of the novel we are bringd to Old Major. He h of age(predicate)s power on Manor Farm. Old Major uses his power to introduce Minimalism and the Seven Commandments. He dies before we rout out see if his power corrupts would him.Napoleon who takes control of the farm next lives throughout the book therefore we see the corruption of his high status of power. One other animal that we see have the status of power is Boxer. He doesnt have the same type of power as the other two animals nor would he use it in the same way if he had. Boxer is unmatchable example of some mavin who has power but doesnt let it corrupt him. Power can only corrupt you If you let It. Power contains many factors In the lead up to corruption. Animal Farm shows the how depending on your character and what you do and treat your power It will change whether for the good or the bad.Old Major is the power head at the beginning of the novel. He is well reckon among the other animals to which they are happy to lose an hours sleep in order to hear what he had to say. At the time Old Major is one of the smartest if not the smartest animal on the farm therefore he is able to use his power to easily convince the other animals of the idea of minimalism and get-go a rebellion. He thought that all animals needed to unite under one ruler ship Minimalism and that they needed to usurp the humans because man is the problem for all animals. In his speech he sees the propaganda In order to persuade them.He outlines that their lives are miserable, laborious and shortstop. Propaganda would only work if there was a level of power. Old Major uses his level of power and Intellect to get the animals to do what he says and to follow his Ideas whether they are right o r wrong. Old Majors power didnt live long enough for his power to corrupt him, however he did use his power to get rid of those whose power had corrupted them Mr. Jones. For a short period after his death until Napoleon, the next power head, steps up his power is still ensured which leads the rebellion and the first strands of life on the newly named Animal Farm.Not long after the death of Old Major, Napoleon steps up as the unofficial leader because at that stage It Is thought to have equivalence with all animals. The idea that all animals are equal but some are more equal than others, Isnt about Just yet. Napoleon was always a respected mortal. He has a reputation for getting his own way, which provided him with a small level of power. There Is a saying that reads, knowledge Is power and power Is knowledge. We see It many times In Animal Farm, miming from Napoleons character.One example of this is when, after the dogs give this because they dont feel that anything is wrong be cause the face that they are being shown isnt the honest one. When it is excessively late, it is discovered that the puppies were taught about the ways of Napoleon and therefore grew up and move corrupt, which happened to Napoleon after his status of power had gotten to be too much that it turned him corrupt. Napoleon is always right, is a saying that is continuous after animal equality is broken. This is built on fear, lies and injustice. On the outsideNapoleon maintenances about the revolution and retention Mr. Jones off the farm. However, looks can be deceiving. He carry offs more about maintaining his power and making sure his power is rising higher and higher that he doesnt care what he uses and says to get there. Napoleon uses the other animals fear of Jones to get them to do what he wants. Napoleon lets his power corrupt him and doesnt seem to notice or care about the consequences of his actions which is an attribute of a terrible leader and person that holds power. Napo leon was a harsh, unjust and corrupt holder of power.But not all people who old power are corrupt or are even that obvious that they hold power. An example of this is Boxer. He holds a level of power not to the extent of Napoleon or even Old Major however it is still there. Power isnt Just about having control over people it is, power can also be having an influence on a group of people or in this case animals or having people look up to you as an inspiration. Boxer has this type of power. He has a big influence on the other animals especially the smaller ones that feel they are looked down upon.Where Napoleon sends other animals to kill a fellow, Boxer is overwhelmed with distress at the prospect of killing someone even if that someone is a human. Nothing could have been achieved without Boxer. Boxer isnt one of those people who crave power, in fact shied away from it at most. He sat quietly and did his work no matter the conditions or complications he worked until he literally couldnt stand anymore. Boxer is one to prove that not everyone in power will become corrupt. It Just depends on your morals and what type of person you are and the things you believe in. Not everyone in power will inevitably become corrupt.

“Poem” and “About this person” by Simon Armitage Essay

Two of Simon Armitages poesys, Poem and About His Person are written about someone who has, for unspecified reasons, passed out-of-door or gone. One is in the style of a eulogy and looks back on the life of its persona, presenting contrasting views of it, while the other examines the articles found on a man after his death. twain give the readers some archetype of the personas, only if are somewhat ambiguous, inviting us to form our own mental pictures of the people and measure them for ourselves.The man in Poem seems to have a split personality. Each of the first three stanzas is made up of four lines the first three transaction with good things he did and the fourth mentioning a drawback, something bad. For example the third and fourth lines of the first stanza read,And he always tucked his daughter up at shadow And slippered her the one time that she lied.Although there are more good than bad things mentioned, the bad is cleverly positioned at the end of the line and this seems to make it dominate and even cancel out all of the positive actions mentioned. In the context of a eulogy the three positive lines could be what is being said with the exsert line representing the thoughts of those present at the funeral.Simon Armitage does not conclude on the life of this man, but finishes the poem withHeres how they rated him when they lookef back Sometimes he did this, sometimes he did that.This lack of conclusion and the continual juxtaposition of contrasting views of the mans life do not form a judgement of him, but ask us, the readers, how it is possible to judge someone when he or she is gone. We form an impression of a man who seems dutiful (from his actions such as for his mum he hired a private nurse), yet hot-tempered and domineering (such as And once, for laughing, he punched her his wife in the face), Armitage ends it with such ambiguity that we are forced to reconsider our judgements andare left with only a vague impression of him.About His Per son presents its persona via his personal possessions only, which also makes it difficult to draw up an impression of him. However there are hints given about his life, such as crowning one finger / a ring of white unweathered pare which suggests he may once have been married but died separated and lonely. It is also suggested by Armitage, however indirectly, that Armitage committed suicide, such as from A closing demand / in his own hand. The poem contains metaphors for death the library card on its date of expiry and the watch, stopped. These suggest the pre planning of his death. Everything has a double meaning about the mans life, which is an unusual but effective way of conveying information.From these pointers towards aspects of the personas life it is automatic for the readers to have an image of him. However so little information is given that the picture I see in my mind of an elderly widower with no next-of-kin deciding that he is tired of life is undoubtedly quite dif ferent to the picture drawn up by another reader. This is a difference between this poem and Poem as we have even less of an idea about the dead mans personality and even less basis on which to judge him. Yet the fact that we do is exactly what Simon Armitage is trying to illustrate that human nature is to draw up impressions of people from almost no basis.Both of these poems are written from a detached, impersonal view which adds to their effect. This shows that the impressions created are from an uninvolved unbiased individual and that the people described could be anyone even relatives of the reader.In conclusion, uncomplete poem presents a detailed impression of the man who has departed this life. However through the ambiguous double-meanings, impersonal approach and cleverly thought-out structure they invite the readers to do the impression creation and so ask how we have done this and how we have managed to judge someone who is known to us only through a a few(prenominal) lines of poetry.

My Super Hero

My Superhero If I were a superhero, I would want to be like super woman. She can do almost anything she wants. I could fly, shoot laser beams through my eyes, have super strength, invisibility, and have super speed. My name would be The Bullet. (Your Super Hero Name) If I were a superhero, my powers would be flying, strength, laser eyes, invisibility, super strength, and super speed because then I could get places faster, be stronger, melt things with my eyes, and secretly be places without anyone else knowing. (Superpowers) If I were a superhero, I would be able to do almost anything I wanted without anybody having a say in it.I could cook my own meals with my laser beam eyes. I could restrain loads of money on gas by flying or speed everywhere. I would also be super fit due to running or flying everywhere. Along with having super strength I would be able to also be a hero to anyone that needed help lifting things, or getting their kittens out of the tree, or any need anyone n eeded I could help them. If I was a superhero and my name was The Bullet, my outfit would be jeans and a t-shirt, because they ar super comfortable and are casual. (Glamour Magazine) My t-shirt would be pink because my ducky color is pink.And my shoes would be running tennis shoes because they are my favorite to wear and most comfortable. If I was a superhero and my name was The Bullet, I would look casual to not stand out so badly in a crowd. My superpowers would include flying, strength, laser eye beams, invisibility, super speed, and super strength. Works Cited Glamour Magazine. August 2012. Superpowers. 22 August 2012 . Your Super Hero Name. 22 August 2012

Puc 1st Year Model Question Paper

SHREE SHIVASHANKARA SWAMY GOVT. P. U. COLLEGE-UTTANGIDISTBELLARY MID-TERM EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER noEMBER 2012 STDPUC FIRST YEAR SUBENGLISH TOTAL MARKS 90 DATE26-11-2012 Q. NO I cause the following questions in a word or a phrase or a sentence each 1X12=12 1)What was Steve crazy ab unwrap? 2)Where did the dotty live in large number? 3)Why did the narrator feel that his future was secure? 4)The animal without hands or legs refered to in the storyThe Rightful Inheriters Of the cosmosis_______ a)Bat b)Cobra c)butterfly (choose the correct answer) 5)What was the formula given by head for success? )How did the mother understand that her little daughter was dead in the church blast? 7)Who gave the cowling to Steve? 8)In the poem The B whollyad Of Birmingham,the little girl wanted to go to _________(fill in the blank) 9)Who broke the silence in the poem For Elkana? 10)The logician referred to in the poem For Elkana is__________. a)The mother b)The engender c)The son (choose the c orrect answer) 11)Where did Steve see his lost cap? 12)How much did the cap fetch for the Diamonds at last? Q.NO Answer any eight of the following choosing atleast ii questions from the poetry in 80-100 words each 13)What were the different attitudes of the mother and the daughter about the Freedom March? 4X8=32 14)Describe Einsteins sense of humour. 15)How did the narrators wife try to kill the rats? What was the result of it? 16)Describe how Steve got the cap in the ball park. 17)Give two instances to explain Einsteins absent mindedness? 18)How did the son last a binding force between the father and the mother in the poem For Elkana? 9)Why did Steve have to lose the cap again in the Hudsons house? 20)Describe the different interlopers into the narrators garden in the lesson The Rightful Inheriters Of The Earth. 21)Why did the little girl go to Einsteins house? How does this incident bring out Einsteins large(p)ness? 22)What was the effect of Steves finding the cap? Q. NOAnswer the following in about 200 words 6X1=6 23)How did the narrators wife try to kill the bats? Why was she not successful? OR Describe how Dave and Steve were re-united at the end of the story A Cap For Steve.OR Einstein was not only a great scientist, but also a great human being. Explain. Q. NO IVRead the following handing over and answer the questions set on it in a word /a phrase /a sentence each 1X10=10 Alexander the Great is assuage considered as one of the greatest conquerors of the world. When Alexander was only 14 years old, he tame the wild horse Bucephalus. Later, he rode this horse in all his scraps. Alexanders father, Philip, became the king of Macedonia in 359BC. But he was murdered. After him, Alexander became the King at the age of 20.Alexander had received the training of warfare from his father. The great philosopher Aristotle was his intellectual mentor. The young Alexander attacked the Persian Empire in about 334BC. He achieved great victories and then attacked E gypt and established a city called Alexandria at the address of the river Nile. When Alexander entered Asia Minor, he married a rich and beautiful princess, Roxana. He fought his last great battle with the brave Indian King, Porus. He won this battle with great difficulties. He liked the courage and pride of Porus.He returned the kingdom of Porus and became his close friend. Alexander died in June 323 BC in Babylon. 24)Name the wild horse that Alexander tamed? 25)Who was Alexanders father? 26)At what age did Alexander become the king? 27)Who was the intellectual mentor of Alexander? 28)Alexander established a city on the believe of the river ____ a)the Ganga b)the Nile c)Amazon (choose the correct answer) 29)Name the city established by Alexander. 30)Whom did Alexander marry? 31)Name the Indian king who fought bravely against Alexander? 32)When did Alexander die? 3)Where did Alexander die? Q. NO. VA)Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles and prepositions given in the bracket s 1X6=6 34) Einstein never missed __ opportunity to learn __ others. Once __ little school girl who lived __ his neighbourhood approached him __ his assistence. __ girl went __ Einsteins house. (a, an, the, to, for, from, in) B)Fill in the blanks with the suitable forms of the verbs given in brackets 1X6=6 35) Steve told his parents that he _ _ (be + play )baseball in the park. When he__ (run) the bases, the cap __(fall)off.It was still too big notwithstanding the tuck his mother_ _(have + take)in the band. So the next time he __ (come) to bat, he __ it in his pocket. C)Choose the correct form of the verb given in bracket. 36)Bats __ (is / are) not the souls of our ancestors. 37)Nobody __ (know / knows)the right answer. 38)Both of them __ (were / was) in the equivalent place. 39)The boy __ (has / have) a demand. 40)The mother __ (race / races) through the streets of Birmingham. 41)You __ (will / shall) never know it. 42)Mahatma Gandhiji __ (was / is) the father of our nation. 43)O wl __ (am / is) not a vegetarian creature.D)44)Write a letter to the principal of your college requesting him to issue your transfer certificate. usher the following reasons for your request Your father has been transfered You have taken admission in another college. E)Correct the following sentences and rewrite them 45)I am loving my mother. 46)She has took her pen 47)Sachin is a go around player. 48)My brother and I am coming. 49)You are there, are you? 1X5=5 5 1X8=8 The End

Case Study Parrot Head Essay

How can we consider nose Buffet as members of a reference group? A distinguish familiarity. The definition of a reference group is the people of whose attitudes, behavior, beliefs, opinions, preferences, and values be used by an individual as the basis for his or her judgment. One does non have to be (or even aspire to be) a member of a reference group to be negatively or positively influenced by its characteristics. treasure Buffet fans are a part of reference group because they each relate to each other with similar beliefs and behaviors and all have a vulgar bond in following the music of Jimmy Buffet and follow the themes of the fan base similar to dead heads (Grateful Dead). It seem that this reference group aka parrot heads are also part of a nerd group by themselves. Parrot heads is also a humanitarian group and has over 200 assorted clubs and volunteer groups and charitable events for communities for a charity. This reference group nononly attends Jimmy Buffet concer ts but they also are part of huge tailgating party that likes to dress up in equatorial outfits and like to drink and pass around blow up dolls filled with alcohol and have fun and escape from their daily nerdy lives. Jimmy Buffet music was big in the late 70s but his following has become even much bigger today and multi-generational and is not uncommon to see a parent attending this events with one of his adult siblings partaking in the festivities. A filth community is a community or a company to express shared interest in a particular product or brand. In the case of Jimmy Buffet the brand name is Margaritaville from his hit song back in 1977.This brand has gone far beyond selling T shirts and posters but has become a study multi- million dollar business and his branding ranges from a wide range from clothing to casinos and everything in between. I personally am not a parrot head or have been to a one of his concerts but enjoy his music and would probably enjoy going to a conc ert if the opportunity presented itself. I have a neighbor who is a huge Parrot Head and she has all kinds of Margaritaville brand products from bags games, to Adirondackchairs to a huge fake palm tree in her backyard and travels to Las Vegas to go to the casino. It is reported Jimmy Buffet has a net worth of over $400 million dollars with his branding and although was a decent musician he has become a marketing giant with his branding. What kind of opportunities does the existence of the Buffett community present to marketers? Develop a list of specific marketing and promotional tactics. The opportunities are endless for the Margaritaville community as long as they are not violating the trademark or bootlegging the products. If you are an entrepreneurial type of person you could puzzle out with Margaritaville and develop products that are marketed towards this reference group or could be part of several type of businesses that use this branding or other similar products. here(pre dicate) is a list of promotional tactics one could use to market to this reference group. The Margaritaville disceptation implies quality, value and good times and has a colorful tropical theme and can be put on all different kinds of merchandise that could be sold through several distribution channels. Margaritaville clothing lineRestaurant FranchiseHotelsCasinosGrocery storesMusic stores retailing Jimmy Buffet musicLiquor storesBooksClothing linesParrot Head HatsSunglassesClub for community charityThe Margaritaville brand continues to expand and as new booming markets are created you can see the branding take advantage of those markets that are growing.ReferencesConsumer Behavior Buying, Having, beingness (10th ed.). (2013). Saddle River,NJ Michael R. Soloman. Reference Group Definition Sociology. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//sociology.about.com/od/R_Index/g/Reference-Group.htm What Is a Brand Community? (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-brand-community.ht m Margaritaville A Brand Anything But Wasting off Beneath the Brand. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.talentzoo.com/beneath-the-brand/blog_news.php?articleID=15368 Parrot Heads in Paradise Inc. (n.d.). Retrieved from https//www.phip.com/

Pepsi SWOT

An internal analysis of Pepsi reveals some core strengths and weaknesses. Their strengths include a broad reaping line and great reputation, number one maker of snacks, and they sell three products through the same distribution channel. Pepsi, Gatorade, and Tropicana share production capabilities which aids in the reducing of costs, improves efficiency, and smoothes out the impact of seasonal fluctuations in demand for a particular product.On the other hand, Pepsi has some weaknesses that include Pepsi products that do not bear the partnership name, a lack of brand awareness with some of their products, and a majority of their sales comes from the U. S. merchandise and about 1/3 of their sales is from Frito-Lay. In Pepsis external environment they encounter a few opportunities as well as some threats. Opportunities that they can take advantage of include the increasing make out towards healthier food, noncarbonated drinks which are the fastest growing part of the industry, and i nternational markets that they put up not yet tapped into.However, Pepsi faces threats from several competitors such as Coca dope and Kraft Foods due to Pepsis broad product line. In addition, since sales from Frito-Lay makes up a large portion of their profits, a downturn in the market will pose another threat to them. Pepsi uses a diversification dodge that is keyed towards product innovation, close relationships with distribution allies, international expansion, and strategic acquisitions. Most of PepsiCo brands have achieved number one or number two positions in their respective food or beverage categories through these strategies.Furthermore, their management has a proven office to capture strategic fits between the operations of new acquisitions and its other businesses. They have also formulated three divisions that are comprised of PepsiCo Americas Foods division, PepsiCo Americas Beverages division, and PepsiCo International in order to gain efficiency in each area. In 2008, a new element in their corporate strategy was product reformulations to make snack foods and beverages healthier. This was a footfall in the right direction. It is very important for Pepsi to respond to the current trend of healthier food and drink options.Coke and PepsiThey should introduce a wide variety of noncarbonated beverages, such as water and orange juice, to the U. S. and abroad to increase their market share and maintain profit growth. They can utilize their Power of One strategy in international markets, where their Frito-Lay brand is doing very well, to encourage the purchase of their beverages. When Pepsi acquired Quaker Oats it was a smart move to be able to offer consumers less plump out snack foods. They should provide such alternatives through their Frito-Lay brand as well. If Pepsi implements these recommendations it will help ensure their top spots in the food and beverage industries.

Home Depot Employee Benefits Essay

The start case is against an employee Gunderson working at JMI agency owned by chocolate-brown Corporation. It is filed by Brown on account of the defendants violation of the employee agreement by joining a competing comp any after working there continuously for seven months and soliciting and servicing Browns customers and disclosing confidential information. The summary judgment was make in favor of the defendant beca habit an workplace of seven months is not enough under Illinois law to support the limiting agreement. (Findlaw, 2008)The second case is against an employee Robert M. Bono working at Chicago Transit Board who was discharged from his job on account of misconduct by job a customer while working though his job duties did not require calling any customers. The call was personal and social in nature involving a sexual joke. The court affirmed the ending of Chicago Transit Board as being reasonable and appropriate. (Findlaw, 2008)IssuesThe issue being discussed in the first case is the claim by the parent company of breach of contract by the employee. But since the employment period of Gunderson was only seven months so according to Illinois law no charges can be made against him In the second case, the issue discussed is of an employee misbehaving with a customer on telephone and making personal use of the phone though he is not allowed to do so. Therefore, he dismissed by the company.Implications for seat destinationAt Home Depot, each employee should be clearly told of his/her duties and the consequences of not acting accordingly. Secondly, the employee contract at Home Depot should specify clearly all the terms and conditions specially the time period after which he can be accused of the violation of the contract.Conclusion Through the analysis of the above cases, I well-read that minor mistakes by an employee can result into big troubles and court procedures. Therefore, one should remain cautious every time while working on his job.

Cultural Background Essay

I come from mainland mainland China, actu tout ensembley the south of Yunan. I learnt about Chinese religious cultivation from my produce who was born in China and rise up with the Chinese culture. I take over been taught by my spawn to be beget as a good Chinese hoi polloi and brings up good values in my vivification, the concept of Yin and Yang, the balance in life and especially were coming from east where the the great unwashed on that point respect ancestors and older people much more comp atomic number 18s to the western people. This will impact on how we slip a charge and interact with other people especially with the elder. China is believed to pack the oldest continuous civilization.China has over 4,000 old age of verifiable chronicle. Beijing is the capital of China and is the focal point for the country. The semiofficial language is standard Chinese, which is derived from the mandarin orange tree dialect. Most business people speak English. on that point ar m some(prenominal) dialects in China thus far in that respect is only champion scripted language. A commie form of governing witnesss China. The Chinese government promotes atheism although the constitution guarantees freedom of religion. The Chinese practice a conversion of religions, just, Confucianism despite non creation a formal religion is practiced widely end-to-end the country.China is the nearly densely live county in the world with approximately 1. 17 billion people as of 1992. Al closely 100 portion of the population be ethnic or Han Chinese. There are strict rules regarding childbirth and each bracing is limited to only i child. The tradition of digging up dragon b unmatchables (tortoise and cattle bones) has unyielding been a grammatical constituent of Chinese culture. These bones are often theatrical roled to predict the future. The bones were engraved with questions then heated to reveal the answers. The tradition dates back as far as the Bronze ol d age (around 2100 BC during the Xia dynasty).The Geert Hofstede analysis for China is interchangeable to that of Hong Kong where Long- termination Orientation is the highest- prescribe factor. However, the Chinese rank lower than any other Asian country in the individuality factor. This can be attributed primarily to the Communist rule and its wildness on a collectivist culture. Geert Hofstede analysis for China has Long-term Orientation (LTO) the highest-ranking factor (118), which is full-strength for all Asian cultures. This Dimension indicates a societys time perspective and an attitude of diligent that is, overcoming obstacles with time, if non with will and strength.The Chinese rank lower than any other Asian country in the Individualism (IDV) ranking, at 20 compared to an average of 24. This may be attributed, in part, to the high level of emphasis on a Collectivist society by the Communist rule, as compared to one of Individualism. The low Individualism ranking is ma nifest in a close and committed member group, be that a family, extended family, or extended relationships. Loyalty in a collectivist culture is paramount. The society fosters strengthened relationships where e genuinelyone takes responsibility for fellow members of their group.Of note is Chinas significantly higher Power Distance ranking of 80 compared to the other Far East Asian countries average of 60, and the world average of 55. This is indicative of a high level of inequality of power and wealth indoors the society. This condition is not necessarily obligate upon the population, but quite an accepted by the society as their cultural heritage. Chinas religion is officially designated as Atheist by the State, although the concepts and teachings of the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius (500BC) are woven into the society at large.Some religious practice is acceptable in China however, the government sets rigid limits. You can feel more information related with the relig ion in China. RELIGION IN GENERAL Before the Communist Revolution, a number of religious and philosophical systems were practiced in China. Traditionally Taoism and Confucianism provided estimable guides to the proper air of individuals and officials. Both of these systems originated in China during the so-called Golden Age of Chinese thought, several centuries before the opening of the Christian era.Taoism sought to promote the inner peace of individuals and harmony with their surroundings. Confucianism, based on the teachings and writings of the philosopher Confucius, is an ethical system that sought to teach the proper way for all people to behave in society. separately relationshiphusband-wife, parents-children, formula-subjectsinvolved a set of obligations which, if upheld, would lead to a just and harmonious society. Following his teachings would like advisable promote a stable, lasting government. Buddhism, which came to China from India as early as the 1st century AD, was a more conventional religion.Its followers attended occasional run, practiced rituals, and attendanted a temple on a regular basis. It has been estimated that more than 68 million Chinese still consider themselves Buddhists, though it is supposed(prenominal) that they practice the religion on a regular basis (See Buddhism). Prior to 1949, practices that may best be called folk religions were greenness throughout China. Although they incorporated elements of Buddhism and, especially, Taoism, these religions were usually local, often based on local gods, and served the local people.Christian missionaries have been participating in China since Roman Catholics belonging to the Jesuit order arrived in the early 17th century. Protestant missionaries first appeared in the early 19th century. All the Christian missionaries had difficulty converting the Chinese because Christianity was associated in the touristy take care with Western imperialism. By 1949 there were only 3 or 4 m illion Christians in China, less than 1 percent of the total population. Islam came to China principal(prenominal)ly from Central Asia, where it was practiced by numerous of the Turkic peoples.Today there are believed to be more than 4 million Chinese Muslims. iodine autonomous region, Ningxia Huizu, has been designated for Islamic adherents. The Communists have discouraged religious practices, which they consider anti- cordialist. Many temples and churches have been closed and their airplane propeller interpreted. During the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (or simply the Cultural Revolution), a mass movement that lasted officially from 1966 to 1977, conditions were especially difficult, and religious practitioners were persecuted. The situation eased afterwards 1977. A number of Buddhist temples were allowed to reopen.Worship services among Christians were permitted once again, and it is believed that as many as 2 million Christians are practicing their faith in China. T he Chinese government is cautious about all religious activity, especially if it happens to involve foreign people in any way. THE AGE OF PHILOSOPHIES. *CONFUCIANISM CONFUCIUS is a latinized form of the honorific title Kung-fu-tzu (Master Kung), given to a wandering scholar from the state of Lu in Shandong Province in northeasterly China. Although little cognize in his lifetime, Confucius was revered as the greatest of sages throughout most of Chinas history.His teaching, Confucianism, was the state teaching from the beginning of the Han Dynasty in 202 BC to the end of the imperial period in 1911. Disturbed by unbroken warfare among the states, Confucius taught that most of the ills of society happened because people forgot their stations in life and rulers lost virtue. He advocated a return to the golden antiquity of the emperors Yao and Shun, when rulers were virtuous and people k newfangled their places. Therefore, Confucius primary concern lay in social relations, proper condu ct, and social harmony.Confucius defined five carte du jourinal relationships amidst ruler and ruled, in the midst of husband and wife, between parents and children, between older and younger brothers, and between friends. Except for the last showcase, all of the defined relationships are between superiors and inferiors. He emphasized the complete obedience and loyalty of the inferior to the superior but also mentioned the unselfishness of the superior to the inferior. The ideal Confucian family was an extended one of three or four generations, in which warrant rested with the elderly male members.Filial piety (obedience to parents) was one of the most important virtues emphasized by later Confucians. Confucius reportedly spent his last years editing and completing some of the hold ins that came to be cognise as Five Classics. These include the Classic of Poetry, Classic of History, Spring and Autumn biography, Record of Rites, and Classic of Changes, or I Ching. Memorized b y scholars for generations in China, these books and four other defecates, including the Analects, a compilation of Confucian teachings, were the subjects of civil service examinations for over 2,000 years.(See Confucius) Confucianism commanded a greater following some two hundred years later, during the time of Mencius, or Meng-tzu (371-289 BC). He was second only to Confucius himself in shaping Confucianism. His three main tenets were the basic good spirit of human beings, the notion of society with a distinct distribution of functions, and the rulers obligation to the people. On the last point, Mencius elaborated on the concept of the mandate of heaven, which allows that rulers lose support of heaven when they cease to be virtuous.The concept served as the basis of revolts in China and the succession of new rulers. MENICIUS MENG-TZU The Meng-tzu, meaning Master Meng, was written by the philosopher Mencius (a Latinized form of the name Meng-tzu) in the 4th century BC. The work earned for its author the title of second sage in China. The book deals with government and asserts that the welfare of the people comes before all else. When a king no longer is good to the people, he should be removed(p)by revolution if necessary. Mencius, like Confucius, declared that filial piety was the foundation of society.One unusual article of faith that Mencius supported was that of the natural goodness of mankind, for which he found proof in the natural love children have for their parents. Two other philosophies that have had an enduring influence on Chinese thought are Taoism and Legalism. Taoism gave the Chinese an alternative to Confucianismpassivity and escape to nature season Legalism provided the Chinese state with one of its basic doctrines. *TAOISM In the Chinese language the word tao means way, indicating a way of thought or life. There have been several much(prenominal) ways in Chinas long history, including Confucianism and Buddhism.In about the sixth centu ry BC, under the influence of ideas credited to a man named Lao-tzu, Taoism became the way. like Confucianism, it has influenced every brass of Chinese culture. Taoism began as a complex system of philosophical thought that could be indulged in by only a few individuals. In later centuries it emerged, perhaps under the influence of Buddhism, as a communal religion. It later evolved as a popular folk religion. Philosophical Taoism speaks of a permanent Tao in the way that some Western religions speak of God.The Tao is considered unnamed and unknowable, the essential unifying element of all that is. Every issue is essentially one despite the appearance of differences. Because all is one, matters of good and evil and of true or false, as headspring as differing opinions, can only arise when people lose sight of the oneness and think that their hugger-mugger beliefs are absolutely true. This can be likened to a person looking out a fiddling window and thinking he sees the whole wor ld, when all he sees is one small portion of it. Because all is one, life and death merge into each other as do the seasons of the year.They are not in opposition to one another but are only two aspects of a single reality. The life of the individual comes from the one and goes back into it. The tendency of life for a Taoist is to cultivate a unfathomable relationship to the Tao. Adherents therefore avoid dispersing their energies through the pursuit of wealth, power, or knowledge. By shunning every earthborn distraction, the Taoist is able to concentrate on life itself. The longer the adherents life, the more consecrated the person is presumed to have become. Eventually the hope is to become immortal.LAO-TZU (604? -531? BC). Some people believe that only one man, Lao-tzu, wrote the most translated work in all the literature of China, the Lao-Tzu (also called Tao-te Ching). The book is the earliest document in the history of Taoism (the Way), one of the study philosophical-reli gious traditions that, along with Confucianism, has shaped Chinese life and thought for more than 2,000 years. It is a viewpoint that emphasizes individuality, freedom, simplicity, mysticism, and naturalness. (See Confucius) Knowledge of Lao-tzu is so scarce that only legends remain.His earliest biographer, who wrote in about 100 BC, relates that Lao-tzu lived in the district of Hu in present-day Henan Province during the Chou Dynasty (1122-221 BC). Presumably he worked in astrology and prophecy at the court of the emperor. The biographer tells of a conflict of Lao-tzu with the younger Confucius, which would mean Lao-tzu lived in about 500 BC. another(prenominal) story says that he left China during the decline of the Chou Dynasty, and on his way west wrote the Tao-te Ching, after which he disappeared. He was worshipped as an Imperial ancestor during the Tang Dynasty (618-907).Scholars today believe that the book cannot have been written by one man. Some of the sayings in it may d ate from the time of Confucius, while others are from a later period. It is possible that the name Lao-tzu represents a type of scholar and wise man, rather than one individual. Tao-te Ching The Tao-te Ching, meaning Classic of the Way of Power, is one of the great works of ancient China not included among the Confucian Classics. The presumed author, Lao-tzu, is considered to be the founder of Taoism. He may have been alive at the alike(p) time as Confucius but older.The book is not only significant philosophically, but it is also one of the most sacred scriptures of the Taoist religion. (See Lao-tzu) CHUANG-TZU (4th century BC), Chinese philosopher, author, and teacher classic work bears his name influential in development of Chinese philosophy and religious thought interpreted Taoism (from tao, way) differently from Lao-tzu Chuang-tzu taught that wise people accept the ebb and flow of life without attempting to challenge it true judgment involves freeing oneself of traditions an d ad hominem goals that stand in the way of the mysterious, all-encompassing Tao.Communal religious Taoism is quite distinct from its philosophical counterpart. It emphasizes chaste teachings and collective ceremonies. Good moral conduct is rewarded with health and long life, while bad conduct results in disease, death, and suffering in the afterlife. There is an array of gods who are administrators of the universe, of which they are a part. From these gods come revelations of sacred texts. There is an order of married priests who live in the communities they serve and perform exorcisms and complex rituals. Folk religion Taoism is part of the mine run lives of the people.The gods are intimately connected with each individuals life as bringers of calamities or givers of bountiful gifts. Each object of daily life has its presiding spirit that must be consulted and appeased. All types of Taoism have in common the quest for a harmonious, well-ordered universe. They emphasize the ind ividuals and the groups need for unity through mysticism, magic, and ceremony. *LEGALISM *BUDDHISM Although Buddhism first entered China from India during the Later Han, in the time of Han Ming Ti (AD 58-76), it did not become popular until the end of the 3rd century.The prevailing disorders, aggravated by barbarian invasions and the flight of northerly Chinese to the south, heightened the attraction of Buddhism with its promise of personal salvation, despite its lack of affinity with the society-oriented thought of the Chinese. Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, a prince of the Sakya kingdom on the borders of what are now India and Nepal and a contemporary of Confucius. Intent on dominateing balance for human suffering, he gather ind a moment of nirvana while meditating under a Bo tree.The Buddha taught that desires are the source of pain, and that by overcoming desires, pain can be eliminated. To this end, he advocated meditation and pursuing the Eightfold Path, similar to the Ten Commandments of Judaism and Christianity. The objective was to reach Nirvana, the condition of serenity of spirit, where all cravings, strife, and pain have been overcome, giving way to a merging of the spirit with eternal harmony. At an early stage of its development, Buddhism split into two major trends, Mahayana (Greater Vehicle) and Hinayana (Lesser Vehicle).Hinayana remained closer to the original Buddhism and is still the religion of the Southeast Asian countries. The Buddhism of China, Korea, Japan, Nepal, Tibet, and Vietnam, however, stems largely from Mahayana. Mahayana Buddhism contained more popular elements, such as belief in repetitive appeals, heaven and deitiesbodhisattvaswho would help people gain salvation. It also quickly adapted to the land and people it converted. In China, it split into several schools, including Chan (Zen in Japan), Tien-tai (Tendai in Japan), and Pure Land. Chan or Zen BuddhismThrough his popular book The Way of Zen (1957), the British-born American philosopher Alan Watts introduced Americans to the Zen school of Buddhism, which has a long tradition of development in China and Japan. Zen (Chan in Chinese) is a Japanese term meaning meditation. It is a major school of Japanese Buddhism that claims to transmit the spirit of Buddhism, or the total enlightenment as achieved by the founder of the religion, the Buddha (See Buddha Buddhism). Zen has its basis in the conviction that the world and its components are not many things. They are, rather, one reality.The one is part of a larger wholeness to which some people condition the name of God. Reason, by analyzing the diversity of the world, obscures this oneness. It can be apprehended by the nonrational part of the mindthe intuition. Enlightenment about the nature of reality comes not by rational examination but through meditation. Meditation has been an integral part of Buddhism from the beginning. Nevertheless, a school of meditation grew up in India and was taken to China by Bodhidharma about AD 520. When the meditation school arrived in China, it had a strong foundation on which to build Taoism, the ancient Chinese religion (See Taoism).This religion is based on the idea that there is one underlying reality called the Tao. Taoists, like the followers of the meditation school, exalted intuition over reason. This Taoist tradition was easily absorbed by the Chinese meditation school, the Chan. Within two centuries the meditation school had split up into two factions Northern Chan and Southern Chan. The northern school, a short-lived affair, insisted on a doctrine of tardy enlightenment. The southern school, which became dominant, held to a doctrine of instantaneous enlightenment.The southern school evolved under the powerful influence of Hui-neng (638-713), who is accept as the sixth great patriarch of Zen and the founder of its modern interpretation. In a discussion recorded as the Platform Scripture of the Sixth Patria rch, he taught that all people possess the Buddha nature and that ones nature (before and after being born) is originally pure. Instead of undertaking a variety of religious obligations to seek salvation, one should discover ones own nature. The conventional way to do this, sitting in meditation, is useless. If one perceives ones own nature, enlightenment will follow explosively.The goal of adherents of the southern Chan is to gain transcendental, or highest, wisdom from the depths of ones unconscious, where it lies dormant. Chan tries to attain enlightenment without the aid of common religious observances study, scriptures, ceremonies, or good deeds. Reaching the highest wisdom comes as a breakthrough in everyday logical thought. Followers are urged to find within themselves the answer to any question raised within because the answer is believed to be found where the question originates. Training in the methods of meditation leading to such an enlightenment is best transmitted fr om master to disciple.Chan flourished in China during the Tang and Sung dynasties (960-1279), and its influences were strongly felt in literature and painting. Chan declined during the Ming era (1141-1215), when Chan masters took up the practice of trying to harmonize meditation with the study of traditional scriptures. Meanwhile, sects of Zen had been transplanted to Japan. The Rinzai school was taken there in 1191 by the priest Enzai (1141-1215), and the Soto tradition arrived in 1227, taken there by Dogen (1200-53), the most revered figure in Japanese Zen.These schools had their origin in China during the 9th century, when Chan divided into five sects that differed from each other in minor ways. The Rinzai sect evolved from the work of Lin-chi (died 866), who was an exponent of sudden enlightenment. The Soto was founded by Liang-chieh (died 869) and Pen-chi (died 901). The Soto stressed quiet sitting in meditation to await enlightenment. A third group, the Obaku, was ceremonious in 1654. The Obaku school is closer to the Rinzai tradition except for its emphasis on invoking the name of Buddha.Zen gained an impetuous following among the Samurai warrior class and became in effect the state religion in the 14th and 15th centuries. In the 16th century Zen priests were diplomats and administrators, and they enhanced cultural life as well. Under their influence literature, art, the cult of the tea ceremony, and the No drama developed. The focal point of Zen is the monastery, where masters and pupils interact in the lookup for enlightenment. A newcomer arrives at a monastery with a certificate steering that he is a regularly ordained disciple of a priest. He is at first refused entry.Finally being admitted, he spends a few days of probation being interviewed by his master. When he is accepted he is initiated into the community life of humility, labor, service, prayer and gratitude, and meditation. 2. Communication Style of Chinese people There are many things t hat you should know about the confabulation way of life of the Chinese people. They are really care with the appearance, behavior and the way we communicate to them since it will show them our status, are we coming from the lower economic status or high economic status or fifty-fifty more we are coming from the Kings ancestor or just an ordinary people.It is all can be seen from the way we communicate so it become so important tally to Chinese people. Please find below the detail in each topic of the communication style of Chinese people Appearance Appearance is quite important for Chinese people or even Asian, they sometimes judge people from their first sight (Dresser,1996). Conservative suits for men with subtle colorize are the norm. Women should avoid high heels and short sleeved blouses. The Chinese frown on women who display too much. Subtle, indifferent colors should be worn by both men and women. Casual dress should be standpat(prenominal) as well. Men and women can wear jeans. However, jeans are not acceptable for business meetings. Revealing garments for women is considered offensive to Chinese businessmen. Behavior Some of the behavior or gestures are mentioned as follows (Axtel,1998) Do not use large hand movements. The Chinese do not speak with their hands. Your movements may be distracting to your host. personal contact must be avoided at all cost. It is highly inappropriate for a man to impress a woman in public. Do not point when speaking. To point do not use your index finger, use an open palm. It is considered improper to put your hand in your mouth. Avoid acts that involve the mouth. bounty giving is a very delicate issue in China. It is illegal to give gifts to government official however it has become more commonplace in the business world. It is more acceptable to give gifts every in private or to a group as a whole to avoid embarrassment. The most acceptable gift is a banquet. Quality writing pens as considered favor ed gifts. The following gifts and/or colors are associated with death and should not be given Clocks Straw sandals A stork or unfold Handkerchiefs Anything white, blue or black Always arrive on time or early if you are the guest. Do not discuss business at meals. Do not start to eat or drink prior to the host. As a cultural courtesy, you should taste all the dishes you are offered. Sample meals only, there may be several courses. Never place your chopsticks straight up in your bowl. By placing your sticks unsloped in your bowl your will remind your host of joss sticks which connotes death. Do not drop the chopsticks it is considered bad luck. Do not eat all of your meal. If you eat all of your meal, the Chinese will assume you did not receive enough food and are still hungry. Women do not usually drink at meals. Tipping is considered insulting, however the practice is becoming more common. Communications Bowing or nodding is the common greeting however, you may be of fered a handshake. Wait for the Chinese to offer their hand first. (Morris, 2003). Applause is common when greeting a crowd the same is expected in return. Introductions are formal. Use formal titles. Often times Chinese will use a nickname to assist Westerners. Being on time is vital in China. Appointments are a must for business. Contacts should be made prior to your trip. Bring several copies of all written documents for your meetings. The decision making process is slow. You should not expect to conclude your business swiftly. Many Chinese will want to consult with the stars or wait for a lucky day before they make a decision. Present and receive cards with both hands. Never write on a business card or put it in your wallet or pocket. Carry a small card case. The most important member of your company or group should lead important meetings. Chinese value rank and status. Develop a working knowledge of Chinese culture. Allow the Chinese to leave a meeting first.3. Co mmunication style when interacting with people from a Different Culture When we do the communication with other people with different culture we expect them to follow our rules especially when we are talking to older people. But sometimes for teenagers or younger people they would like to adapt the communication styles according to the peoples culture he/she talking with. Chinese people is very famous for their good personality traits, in this case they are really diligent and always try to give the best and also sometimes very brave to take any action compares to those who are coming from the west.They would do directly what they consider the thing is right or correct this can be seen in the way they sell things, they open their instal and etc. If you are coming from the west you need to understand what the people from the east thinking about. below are the patterns of Eastern and Western people that we can analyze and use to communicate with them. You can find out that western p eople will look like they are more individual compares to the eastern people.

Government Policy Essay

The groyne Street break apart, which occurred in October 1929, was the mass selling of shares, which direct to a considerable drop in prices, which prompted further selling of shares. In one day, $14 billion was wiped take away the value of the impart commercialize. This panic selling was triggered by rumours and fears that the burgeon forth market was somewhat to collapse (these rumours were brought about by large share holders, wish Baruch and Kennedy dumping shares, and news of the collapse of the British financial empire which was financed by debt and credit, plainly like Americas). But why did a sudden outrage of dominance conduct such massive repercussions?The answer lies in the long term problems in the deliverance which had created unbalance and weaknesses in the economy. Until October 1929 these weaknesses had been masked by the confidence of American people and businesses the high prices of stocks and shares were the result of speculation the picture or co nfidence that they were worth more. But as confidence crumb take, in that location was nonhing left to asseverate the economy. The key reason why the economy could not sustain itself was because the policies of the establishment had created major faults in the American economy, and in every area of the economy, which meant that what started as mass selling of shares resulted in a major Wall Street scare off.Firstly, organisation policies were responsible for the Bull market of the 1920s. Firstly, the politics of the 1920s had essentially promoted speculation by allowing the Federal Reserve to keep interest rates low. This further lending / borrowing, which meant that millions of Americans were able to buy now, cave in later for their consumer goods such as fridges, radios and cars. Similarly, by keeping interest rates low, the Federal Reserve essentially encouraged lending to those wanting the play the stock market, as low interest rates do purchasing on the margin attr active. With as many as 60,000 people involved in buying on the margin (or 10% of American families), and millions more buying now, paying later, the cycle of prosperity and stock market investment was actually based on debt and credit. Secondly, the g everyplacenment encouraged the Bull market by publicly rejecting critics who warned of danger signs in the economy.For example, In Sept 1929 Roger Babson warned that the existing prosperity was based on a state of mind, not on economic facts. He predicted a crash and massive unemployment exactly he was criticised as being pessimistic and trying to undermine the countrys wealth. Experts seemed confident that the market was strong and so ignored the warnings of economists. If the presidency had been more careful about lending and listened to the warnings, people would conduct only purchased things within their means rather than buying or investing in what they couldnt afford. Therefore, there would not have been such over confidence (people believed that high levels of demand, and high volumes of stock market commerce proved that the economy was excellent), which means that the stock market would not have been over valued in order to suffer from a loss of confidence and then a crash in the introductory place.As well as allowing the Fed to keep interest rates low, government policies also led to a Crash by reducing the ability of American businesses to sell their goods abroad. For example, the Fordney McCumber tariff of 1921, which was designed to treasure the prices of American grangers goods, actually resulted in justificatory tariffs from foreign countries. For example, Spain, Germany and France put tariffs on American cars and wheat. As a result, when the American economy did begin to slow down in the latter 1920s, businesses and farmers could not sell their surpluses abroad, which led to a drop in profits, and a reduction in production with an impact on employment. Therefore, had the government not p ursued a protectionist policy in the early 1920s, there would have been no loss of employment in the late 1920s, which means production rates would have been maintained, which would have ensured that money was unplowed in circulation and shares kept their value.To make matters worse, by do it harder for European countries to sell their goods in America, the governments protectionist policy made it harder for European countries to repay the war debts they owed to the USA. To try and rectify this, the government chose to set up the Dawes Plan, whereby it lent Germany $250 million to pay its reparations to Britain and France. In 1929, the government agreed for Germany to restructure its loan repayments to the USA (the early Plan), giving them a longer period of time to repay.Whilst in principle these actions were supportive, in practice they unnaturally propped up the German economy, which led to massive investment in Germany ($3,900million was invested after the Dawes Plan) as inves tors hoped to make a quick buck, just like they were in the American get rich quick / speculative economy. This meant that government policy had in fact encouraged investment at home and abroad based on speculation. When investors realised that the returns (values) of stocks at home and abroad were artificially high, it would trigger a loss of confidence and massive sales i.e. the Wall Street Crash.Another reason why government policies caused the Wall Street Crash is because the government pursued a laissez faire policy towards businesses and legislation. As a result, the 1920s were characterised by the creation of trusts and corporations such as US Steel. The government actively ignored anti-trust laws, rather than using their federal powers to police and inflect industry. In a case heard at the Supreme Court the government argued that big businesses were not illegal, so long as some competition remained. However, in reality, the trusts wiped out competition fixing prices and swallowing up smaller businesses (for every 4 businesses that succeeded in the 1920s, 3 failed). As a result, 1000s of smaller businesses failed, whilst the trusts became captains of industry, with the acquaintance and the money to produce things very chop-chop and efficiently.This meant the stability of the American economy depended on the actions and profits of a few large companies, such as Insull and Ford, creating a dangerous situation. What is more, the governments lack of regulation of corporations meant firms like Bethlehem Steel Corporation and Electric Bond & Share were not prevented from using their profits to theorize on the stock market, adding further insecurity (gambling) to Wall Street. Unfortunately, by the end of the 1920s, many trusts such as car giants like Ford were producing more than was needed (and couldnt sell their surpluses abroad thanks to the governments tariff policy). As their sales dropped, so did wages and employment, leading to less money in c irculation, less demand and a significantly weaker economy. As the trusts sales dropped, it also led to fewer stock market investments, which furthered the loss of confidence in Wall Street.Government policy concerning the regulation of banks and banking was also a key factor in the crash. There were no controls concerning mergers and competition so, by 1929, 1% of Americas banks controlled 46% of the nations assets. This meant that the stability of the countrys banking system depended on the stability of just 1% of the banks which was a precarious situation (a Crash could see almost half of the nations assets disappearing). What is more, the lack of regulation in banking meant that the government did not have complete control over the actions of the Federal Reserve Board.For example, in March 1929, one member of the Fed (Charles A. Mitchell) acted without the agreement of the Fed to publically announce that if money became tight because of higher interest rates, his bank ( tonic Y orks National City Bank) would personally pump $25million into the brokers loan market. This was called the single most irresponsible decision of 1929 as it encouraged lending and gambling on stock market to soar at a time when the economy had slowed significantly. The government also did not regulate individuals working on the stock market for example, greedy individuals like William Durant and his bull pool were able to artificially inflate the market for their own gain, only to sell quickly and leave others with significant losses.Furthermore, government policies exacerbated the countrys massive unequal distribution of wealth, which itself contributed to the long-term weaknesses in the economy and hence the crash. In 1929, tax returns of 27million families showed that 12 million families were earning $1,500 a year, or less, and another 6 million families were earning less than $1,000 a year. This put at least 50% of the population in a position of serious economic hardship. In particular, agriculture faced significant problems the mid-war Federal Farm bring Act had offered farmers loans at lower interest rates in order to buy machinery to help befitting war demand, but these loans became difficult to repay when the demand reduced as the war ended. After land War One, prices for wheat dropped from $2.50 a bushel to less than $1 wool from 90 cents to 19 cents. Although the government passed tariffs to relieve these problems, in the long term tariffs made the situation worse because foreign economies put retaliatory tariffs in place.The post-war Agricultural Credits Act funded 12 banks to offer loans to any farmers working co-operatively. However, the Act in conclusion meant more smaller farmers became in debt. The larger farmers who could afford the loans squeezed the small farmers out of the market. Prohibition made farmers problems even worse by cutting the need for grain previously used in alcohol. Ultimately, Americas unequal distribution of wealth should have signalled to the government that its capitalist system was not working and steps should have been taken to allay the imbalanced spending power. Because the government did not alleviate the situation, the divide grew bigger (making these people dependent on credit / loans, which they couldnt repay because of their lack of employment) making the economy more fragile and unstable.Therefore, in October 1929, when a massive amount of selling began in the New York Stock Exchange, a mad panic set in. The confidence bubble had burst triggered by a few rumours and fears that the market was going to crash. Had the government not pursued such a laissez faire approach to the centering and regulation of banking and business, and had it responded earlier to the rich / poor divide in American society, the Wall Street Crash would never have happened because there would not have been such over-inflated / false confidence there would have been foreign markets to trade with and banks, businesses and individuals would have been regulated and acting in the interest of long-term not short-term gains.

What Have You Found Interesting About Churchill’s Use Of Language In The Following Extract

The extract I have chosen to analyse is from the Methuen book, Top Girls, paginate 111 (When Mrs.Kidd enters) through until when she leaves towards the end of page 112.During this extract the audition is exposed to two major differing social classes. Mrs.Kidd is a vast contrast to Marlene, as she is very well spoken, whereas Marlenes words is a little less stamp down for the workplace. It is obvious that the two characters are of differing social classes, due to their names. Mrs.Kidd is the only person in the play minded(p) a surname, and her forename is Rosemary, which illustrates a middle class background. Marlene, on the contrary is a name to a greater extent than associated with functional class backgrounds, as shown in a hit television series called, Only Fools and Horses in which a woman of working class background is make uped.I animadvert of that the two woman represent the two main social groups of the nineteen eighties England, one a middle class woman of the hous e completely supportive of her husband and traditionalist views on a womans place in society, and the other a working class career woman who has do her own way to success, without the aid of a man, she is in Mrs.Kidds eye anyway,one of those ball breakers/Mrs.Kidds intentions are unclear to Marlene until she comes straight with it, she assures to Marlene,The fact is hes in a acres of shock. About whats happened.Marlene is surprised and doesnt understand what she means, until she explains exactly what she means,Im referring to you organism appointed director instead of Howard.Marlene replies to Howards sleeping problems with sarcasm,Has he thought of taking sleeping pills.I think that Churchill implies that Marlene doesnt really care and that it isnt her problem. Mrs.Kidd then goes on to say that Howard deserved the job, because hed,worked all these years.Experience, however isnt as important in the modern era of work, when qualifications bear more significance on a job applicatio n than experience. Marlene refers to this as one of business little setbacks. I think that Churchill attempts to make this line into a very poignant moment, as Marlene herself had a setback in the version of her daughter, Angie, whom she gave up to her elder sister, which enabled her to bounce back. I think that the poignancy would be lost as the communication would be acted at a furious pace and the audience wouldnt have sufficient time to play off and sympathise with Marlene.Marlene takes a very professional approach to the conversation, using formal language and keeping her aplomb throughout the conversation, and ensures that Mrs.Kidd lowers the tone, so that she cannot be reprimanded by her senior colleagues, for dealing with the situation incorrectly.Mrs.Kidd comes across as being very discriminatory towards her own sex, when she says,Whats it going to do to him working for a woman?This question implies that Mrs.Kidd doesnt study in equality in the workplace and again rein forces her middle class traditionalistic views on a womans place in society.Marlenes reply is a controlled sign of her frustration at Mrs.Kidds ignorance towards the state of the modern workplace.I think that Mrs.Kidds next lines show that Churchill doesnt wish to show her as an individual, but more as a part or possession of her husband, Howard.Marlene sympathises with Howard, saying that shell be tactful and pleasant, but for Mrs.Kidd, this isnt enough, she takes it too far by saying,I think it is different, because hes a man.I think that this bold statement enrages Marlene, but she manages to bottle up her emotions. I think this is too used by Churchill to display to the audience Mrs.Kidds naivety to the modern workplace. Marlene appears beleaguered in her response,Im not quite sure why you came to see me.As she feels that Mrs.Kidd has not achieved anything positive and has merely made a fool of herself and her husband. Mrs.Kidd appears to have realised that she hasnt achieved a nything, and is almost giving up, when she says,I had to do something.I think that Marlene attempts to sympathise with Mrs.Kidd, when she says,Im sorry hes taking it out on you. He really is a shit, Howard.Because she uses derogatory language towards him, I think she is blaming Howard and trying to tell Mrs.Kidd that it isnt her problem entirely, and that Howard needs to deal with his own problems. Mrs.Kidd then tries to deploy another weapon, emotional blackmail, she says,But hes got a family to support.Implying that they need the money more than Marlene, who is a single woman. whence she suggests that Marlene gives up the job, saying,Its only fair.I think this inference sends Marlene into a state of shock as she replies, atomic number 18 you suggesting I give up the job to him then?Mrs.Kidd thinks that Marlene has finally taken heed of what she has said and that she has succeeded in her quest to gain her husband the job. Marlene becomes confrontational and has no time for Mrs.Kid d, when Mrs.Kidd says,Im not asking.Even though she blatantly is, to which Marlene replies sarcastically and goes on to tell her that,If he doesnt like whats happening here he can go and work somewhere else.Mrs.Kidd now becomes enraged and starts hurling abuse at Marlene, but the language has no effect on Marlene, who eventually says,Could you please piss off.Although this is abusive, I think that Churchill wants it to have the effect of displaying to the audience that Marlene is in control of the situation and is very calm and calculating in her response.I think that this facial expression bears great significance on the play as it displays Marlenes professionalism and ability to cope with the workplace and problems. The extract also illustrates intentions of satirizing the middle class of the time and the Thatcherists, like Marlene.